KILL
THE PESTS, NOT YOURSELF
Pesticides, as its name suggests, it is
intended to kill pests. But does it mean it kill only pests? Of course not. It
is obvious that it is toxic, and so its greater amounts in even humans can be
fatal. Continued exposure or indirect consumption of these can cause a variety
of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of skin and eyes, to chronic
endocrine and reproductive disorders, brain disorders, liver and kidney damage,
cancer, etc.. In addition, they also pose serious threats to environment, and
natural pollinators.
The consumption of pesticides in India is one of the lowest in the world.
However, despite the low consumption of pesticides, India has more problem of
pesticide residues than other countries. This serious issue of pesticide
residue in food and agricultural products that we encounter now is mainly due
to the lack of awareness and lack of aggressive educational programmes for
farmers. They often go for more persistent pesticides, as they give them quick
results. What they did not realize is that the toxicity from these pesticides
can even remain and build up in our body. As they are persistent, they can
cause even birth defects in new born babies, which we have already seen in
endosulphan affected areas.
However,
pointing out these threats, we cannot always suggest the complete avoidance of
pesticides as the best remedy to farmers, especially large scale farmers, as it
helps in rapid control or eradication of the main villains in crop growth. So
what we should do? Simple. Educate and monitor the farmers for judicious and
scientific use of safer pesticides.
Government has already banned many pesticides for manufacture and use in
India, while some are restricted for use. But it doesn’t mean that the
pesticides that are permitted now for use are safer ones. Some of the
pesticides which are now in use in India are either banned or severely
restricted in other countries. Shockingly, many of the farmers are still using
some of the banned pesticides like furadan (carbofuran), which I have seen many
times during my field visits to farmers. I have seen carbofuran granules
applied on banana suckers to prevent the viral infection, and what they are saying
is that it will be effectively controlled only if you apply a more toxic one.
That wrong notion of such farmers is due to lack of awareness. Every farmer
should be made aware of the banned pesticides, and the ill effects that a toxic
pesticide can cause.
Pesticides banned in India
Ø Pesticides Banned for manufacture, import and use (28 Nos.)
1.
Aldrin
2.
Benzene Hexachloride
3.
Calcium Cyanide
4.
Chlordane
5.
Copper Acetoarsenite
6.
CIbromochloropropane
7.
Endrin
8.
Ethyl Mercury Chloride
9.
Ethyl Parathion
10. Heptachlor
11. Menazone
12. Nitrofen
13. Paraquat Dimethyl Sulphate
14. Pentachloro Nitrobenzene
15. Pentachlorophenol
16. Phenyl Mercury Acetate
17. Sodium Methane Arsonate
18. Tetradifon
19. Toxafen
20. Aldicarb
21. Chlorobenzilate
22. Dieldrine
23. Maleic Hydrazide
24. Ethylene Dibromide
25. TCA (Trichloro acetic acid)
26. Metoxuron
27. Chlorofenvinphos
28. Lindane
Ø Pesticide / Pesticide formulations banned for use but
their manufacture is allowed for export (2 Nos.)
1.
Nicotin Sulfate
2.
Captafol 80% Powder
Ø Pesticide formulations banned for import, manufacture and
use (4 Nos.)
1.
Methomyl 24% L
2.
Methomyl 12.5% L
3.
Phosphamidon 85% SL
4.
Carbofuron 50% SP
Ø Pesticide Withdrawn(7 Nos)
1.
Dalapon
2.
Ferbam
3.
Formothion
4.
Nickel Chloride
5.
Paradichlorobenzene (PDCB)
6.
Simazine
7.
Warfarin
Ø Pesticides Restricted for use in India
1.
Aluminium Phosphide (Allowed for rat control,
3g tablets in rat burrows)
2.
DDT (Banned in agriculture)
3.
Lindane (Restricted use allowed in termite
control only upto 24-03-2015)
4.
Methyl Bromide (Allowed only under strict
supervision)
5.
Methyl Parathion (Restricted use allowed in
crops where honey bees are not acting as pollinators)
6.
Sodium Cyanide (Only for fumigation of
cotton bales under strict supervision)
7.
Methoxy Ethyl Mercuric Chloride (MEMC)
(only for seed treatment of potato and sugarcane)
8. Monocrotophos(Banned for use on vegetables)
9. Endosulfan (Banned in Kerala)
10. Fenitrothion (Banned in agriculture except for locust
control and in public health)
11. Diazinon (Banned in agriculture except for household pest
control)
12. Fenthion (Banned in agriculture except for locust
control, house hold pest control and public health)
13. Dazomet (Banned in tea)
(Source: cibrc.gov.in)
Substitutes for pesticides banned by
Govt. of Kerala
Insecticides
Ø
Green labelled
(Slightly toxic)
Recommended
chemical
|
Substitute
for banned chemical
|
Recommended for the crops
|
1.
Flubendiamide (Fame)
|
Carbofuran,
Phorate, Methyl Parathion, Monocrotophos, Triazophos
|
Pests of rice, and vegetables
|
2.
Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen)
|
Phorate, Methyl
Parathion, Monocrotophos, Triazophos
|
Pests of rice and vegetables
|
3.
Azadirachtin
|
Carbofuran
|
Sucking pests of brinjal
|
Ø Blue labelled (Moderately toxic)
Recommended chemical
|
Substitute for banned chemical
|
Recommended for the crops
|
1. Thiomethoxam
|
Carbofuran, Phorate, Methyl Parathion, Monocrotophos
|
Pests of rice
|
2. Acephate
|
Carbofuran, Methyl Parathion
|
Pests of rice
|
3. Spinosad
|
Carbofuran,
Triazophos
|
Sucking pests of Brinjal,
Rice leaf folder
|
4. Diafenthiuron
|
Monocrotophos
|
Cardamom thrips and pod borer
|
Ø
Yellow labelled
(Highly toxic)
Recommended chemical
|
Substitute for banned chemical
|
Recommended for the crops
|
1. Carbaryl
|
Endosulfan, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos
|
Pests of rice
|
2. Quinalphos
|
Endosulfan,
Phorate, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos
|
Pests of rice, Cardamom thrips
|
3. Carbosulfan
|
Carbofuran, Phorate
|
Nematodes, pests of rice
|
4. Dimethoate
|
Carbofuran
|
Banana aphids
|
5. Cartap hydrochloride
|
Carbofuran, Phorate, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos,
Triazophos
|
Pests of rice
|
6. Fipronil
|
Carbofuran, Phorate, Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos,
Triazophos
|
Pests of rice
|
7. Imidacloprid
|
Carbofuran, Methyl parathion
|
Pests of rice
|
8. Chlorpyrifos
|
Methyl parathion, Monocrotophos
|
Pests of rice
|
9. Phenthoate
|
Monocrotophos
|
Cardamom thrips and pod borer
|
Fungicides
Ø
Green labelled (Slightly
toxic)
Recommended chemical
|
Substitute for banned chemical
|
Recommended for the crops
|
1. Carbendazim
|
Ediphenphos,
Tricyclazole (seed treatment)
|
Rice blast, brown leaf spot, sheath rot and sheath
blight
|
2. Carpropamid
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice blast
|
3. Kresoxim methyl
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice blast and sheath blight
|
4. Pencycuron
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice sheath blight
|
5. Biocontrol with Pseudomonas fluorescens
|
Tricyclazole
|
Rice blast (seed treatment)
|
Ø Blue labelled (Moderately toxic)
Recommended chemical
|
Substitute for banned chemical
|
Recommended for the crops
|
1. Tebuconazole
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice blast
|
2. Isoprothiolane
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice blast
|
3. Flusilazole
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice sheath blight
|
4. Hexaconazole
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice sheath blight
|
5. Iprodione
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice sheath blight
|
6. Propineb
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice brown leaf spot
|
7. Carboxin
|
Ediphenphos
|
Rice sheath rot
|
Herbicides
Recommended chemical
|
Toxicity class
|
Substitute for banned
chemical
|
Recommended for the
crops
|
1.
Glyphosate
|
Blue
|
Paraquat
|
Non crop situation
|
2.
Butachlor
|
Blue
|
Anilophos, Thiobencarb
|
Rice
|
3.
Pretilachlor
|
Blue
|
Anilophos, Thiobencarb
|
Rice
|
4.
Diuron
|
Blue
|
Atrazin
|
Sugarcane
|
Educating farmers on need based use of recommended pesticides, correct
application techniques, observance of prescribed waiting period, and practicing
IPM is very necessary to avoid unscientific use of hazardous pesticides. Thus
we can make sure we are feeding our children not poisons.
ANCHANA.V.V